Compilation of a book providing guidelines for the design of slopes in open pit mines. Ultra large hydraulic excavators and dump trucks for large openpit mines 270 to the rapid rise in fuel prices in recent years and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to help prevent global warming, with the first truck due to enter service in the fall of 2011 at a copper mine in zambia in africa. Open pit mining is a technique of open pit mining extraction of rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit sky. Crosspit spreaders represent interesting alternatives for economic mining methods. The open pit design and scheduling problem is a largescale optimization problem that has. The removal of this material is known as stripping. Substantial contributions to the development of economic inpit crushing systems for. Mining, process of extracting useful minerals from the surface of the earth, including the seas. A scheduling algorithm for open pit mines, ima journal of mathematics applied in business and industry 7 1996, pp. Openpit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface. Surface mining planning and design of open pit mining. Open pit, open cast or open cut mining is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow this form of mining differs from extractive methods that require tunnelling into the earth, such as long wall mining. Application of optimisation techniques in open pit mining. Additionally, like most traditional forms of mining, underground mining can release toxic compounds into the air and water.
Open pit mines can be used in coal mining, and they are used extensively in hard rock mining for ores such as metal ores, copper, gold, iron, aluminum, and many minerals. Dagdelen mining engineering department, colorado school of mines. Open pit mining methods are applicable to mining ore deposits that apex at or near the surface. Design recovery rates were 91% for copper and 70% for gold. Summary appropriate for diverse audiences, this book is an outstanding technical reference that provides the reader with an understanding of the fundamental principles associated with the design and planning of modern surface openpit mines. Building on the success of its 2006 predecessor, this 3rd edition of open pit. It is accomplished by creating and using benches or terraces to gradually reach deeper under the earths surface. Apr 20, 2006 outstanding textbook designed for courses in surface mine design, open pit design, geological excavation engineering and in advanced open pit mine planning and design. Ultra large hydraulic excavators and dump trucks for large. The book is wellwritten and addresses topical subjects in a manner highly. Open pit mining is the process of mining a near surface deposit by means of a surface pit excavated using one or more horizontal benches. It involves largescale movements of waste rock and vegetation, similar to open pit mining.
To assess this information and to extrapolate to the next twenty years, this approach has been reinforced using published. In the carried out study in this paper it was shown that the most important factor in ultimate pit determination and in consequence in the whole planning and design procedure of an open pit mine is the metal price. Open pit mining does offer some advantages over traditional deep shaft mining. The large number of illustrative examples and case studies, together with the exercises and the reference lists at the end pdf of each chapter, provide the student with all the material needed to study effectively the theory and application methods of open pit mine planning and design. Allow a potential miner to see visually and numerically annual basis what their possible financial position would look like when starting up an openpit mining operation. Thanks in large part to the efforts by john chadwick of the mining journal, and many other members of the mining community, the hard rock miners handbook has been distributed to over 1 countries worldwide. Jan 09, 2016 surface mining planning and design of open pit mining 1. If the deposit apexes below the surface, the overburden and barren capping overlying the ore must be removed in advance of open pit mining. These limits are that pit contour which is the result of extracting a volume of. Geometric sequencing constraints see figure 2 and figure 3.
Openpit, opencast or open cut mining is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow. Pit optimization and mine production scheduling the way ahead, proc. Open pit mine financial model template efinancialmodels. Mathematical optimization models and methods for openpit. The hard rock ore bodies that outcropped on surface were found long ago. Download, free, mining, mining books, mining ebooks, mining education, open pit mine planning and design, pdf, third edition 8 comments building on the success of its 2006 predecessor, this 3rd edition of open pit mine planning and design has been both updated and extended, ensuring that it remains the most complete and authoritative account of. Open pit mine planning and design, two volume set, second edition. This publication provides practical advice and guidance on what you have to do to. This project was completed mainly through the use of questionnaire sent to subcontractors in almost each country of the eu. The mines regulations 2014 came into force on 6 april 2015 and replace all. Consider a case in which some blocks can be mined by either open pit or underground method.
Although open pit mining problems have appeared in academic literature dating back to the 1960s, no standard representations exist, and there are no commonly available corresponding data sets. Outstanding textbook designed for courses in surface mine design, open pit design, geological excavation engineering and in advanced open pit mine planning and design. Unesco eolss sample chapters civil engineering vol. Media in category open pit mining the following 24 files are in this category, out of 24 total. Geological resource, drill samples, ore body models and block modelling pit optimisation physical pit design equipment optimisation and requirements. Open pit mine planning fundamentals ep geometry mining. Open library is an open, editable library catalog, building towards a web page for every book ever published. This unique course enables you to learn the basic theory of open pit mine design and the application thereof, whilst having the chance to interact with experts in the field. A mineral, with a few exceptions, is an inorganic substance occurring in nature that has a definite chemical composition and distinctive physical properties or molecular structure.
Slope stability accidents are one of the leading causes of fatalities at u. Change in production and productivity of us coal mines the higher productivity for open pit mining equipment also lowers costs. Some pits operate at a rate of more than 100,000 tpd. The stepbystep introduction to mine design and planning enables a fastpath approach to. The research project is aimed at increasing the knowledge regarding large scale slope stability and to develop a design methodology for large scale open pit slopes, with special application to the aitik mine in. Prestripping involved removal of 25 mt of weathered cover. The fimiston open pit, known as the super pit, located in kalgoorlie in western australia. The concentrator was designed to treat 80,00085,000 td, yielding 700,000 ty of coppergold concentrate. Open pit mines are used to exploit low grade, shallow ore bodies.
The working conditions are safer for the miners because there is no risk of cave in or toxic gas. The mining industry is vital to the australian economy, accounting for around 32% of annual exports. Okubo encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 2. In a open pit coal mine, the pit bottom would be the bottom mined coal seam elevation, since it is usually feasible to extract multiple seams when surface mining coal.
The improvements in four aspects of grade control are proposed. Open pit mining is the most widely used technique of mining copper today. Numerical studies are undertaken to show how grade control can be improved, that is, less ore sent to the waste dump and less waste sent to the mill. Open pit mining, mineral processing, materials handling program. The second volume goes into more depth to provide a better understanding of the.
Openpit mining is an operation in which blocks from the ground are dug to extract the ore contained in them, and in this process a deeper and deeper pit is formed until the mining operation ends. This form differs from mining methods requiring a tunnel or underground mining. A large number of examples illustrate the application of the principles. This premium finance edition has been fully revised, expanded and updated. Mining industry response to the book continues to be incredible.
The excellent, userfriendly software guides the student through the planning. The stepbystep introduction to mine design and planning enables a fastpath approach to the matter by undergraduate and graduate students. Block size selection and its impact on openpit design and. A subjects strip mining mining engineering mines a ciel ouvert conception et construction. Planning and design procedure of an open pit mining project just can be started after ultimate pit determination. It includes all facilities belonging to or used in connection with the mine. Open pit mines are used when deposits of minerals are found near the surface. Open pit mining, mineral processing, materials handling. The research project is aimed at increasing the knowledge regarding large scale slope stability and to develop a design methodology for large scale open pit slopes, with special application to the aitik mine in northern sweden. Armstrong1 1srk consulting south africa introduction the concept of vertical pit mining has developed as an alternative mining method for the exploitation.
Underground mining has the potential for tunnel collapses and land subsidence betournay, 2011. Open pit mine planning and design, two volume set, second. Open pit mining mining methods 5 open pit mines are used to exploit low grade, shallow ore bodies. They pass their loads on to largescale or overland conveyor systems to be carried to spreaders for dumping, back. Vertical pit miningan alternative to open pit mining for. The term open pit mining is usually used for metallic or nonmetallic deposits and sparingly used for bedded deposits like coal. Reactivation of research into factors affecting the design and stability of. However, surface mining can be more environmentallydamaging than subsurface mining. Mine dewatering studies at jwaneng open pit diamond mine. For any such block, the value used for pit optimisation must be the difference between its open pit value and its underground value. Mathematical optimization models and methods for openpit mining. Environmental risks of mining massachusetts institute of. Most of the mining activity is concentrated on open pit.
Determination of ultimate pit limits in open mines using real. Openpit mine planning and design presented by the department of mining engineering, university of pretoria course content the value chain incorporated into the course consists of. Openpit mining deposits mined by openpit techniques are generally divided into horizontal layers called benches. Images and a discussion of open pit mining methods use in bisbee arizona. Known also as opencast mining, openpit mining is the most common type of surface mining. Underground mining is used when the copper ore is not near the earths. I would like to thanks the academic and administrative staff of the school of mechanical and mining engineering for their gentleness and kindness with me during. A fundamental problem in open pit mine planning is that of determining the optimum ultimate pit limits of the mine. Pit mining is more cost effective than shaft mining because more ore can be extracted and more quickly. The mining rate is greater than 20,000 tonnes per day tpd but is usually much greater. University of technology concerning large scale slope stability in open pit mining.
Openpit mine planning and design enterprises university of. The mining rate in open pit mine planning uq espace. The stripping pit limits must be extended beyond the limits of the ore pit to provide a bench, and the pit. Some technical aspects of open pit mine dewatering by v. Osh regulations might need to be revised to ensure that the special requirements of smallscale miners are adequately covered. Determining the open pit to underground transition. Mining authority means a government institution that is responsible for all or any part of occupational safety and health in mining. Open pit mining practice in canada paperback january 1, 1964 by amil dubnie author see all formats and editions hide other formats and editions. Open pit optimization strategies for improving economics of mining projects through mine planning k. The mining valuation handbook is the most comprehensive book published on this subject. Open pit mine planning and design william a hustrulid, mark.
Mineralization, topography, costs and significant goologic feature. Open pit mine planning and design william a hustrulid. The first volume introduces basic engineering concepts and the building blocks that make up a blast design. A common construct in open pit mining problems is the notion of spatial reference p oin ts called blo cks. Open pit mining is a technique used to extract copper ore near the earths surface. Surface mining planning and design of open pit mining 1. Since open pit mines are generally larger than underground mines there is an economy of scale associated with surface mininglarge. In many cases, logging of trees and clearcutting or burning of vegetation above the ore deposit may precede removal of the overburden.
Please book your attendance on or before friday 31st march, 2017 to take advantage of the early bird discount. Mining method, surface mining, open pit mining, open cast mining, placer mining, solution mining, leaching, stripping rati o, mining machinery, excavation, cutting, grading, loading, ditching contents 1. The naledi paleo valley is thought to be contributing to pit inflows via the semi perched alluvial sediments. Prenn synopsis the model described is a design and economic planning tool for analyzing surface mineral deposhs. Permission of the author and publisher is required for any other usage. Open pit mine planning and design, third edition mining.
Determination of ultimate pit limits in open mines using. This material is intended for use in lectures, presentations and as handouts to students, and is provided in power point format so as to allow customization for the individual needs of course instructors. Another example of very large open pit is given by these images taken from the highland valley copper mine in central british columbia in. Openpit, opencast or open cut mining is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow this form of mining differs from extractive methods that require tunnelling into the earth, such as long wall mining. Abstractgrade control in hardrock open pit mining is the process of determining the destination for the mined material. Divided into two volumes, this accessible work describes the principles involved in hard rock blasting as applied to open pit mines. Srk invites you to a workshop focused on open pit mine. Jul 31, 2017 open pit mining is the process of mining a near surface deposit by means of a surface pit excavated using one or more horizontal benches.